In exactly what way a praetor goes before did not survive. Sie bildeten im Senat eine Rangklasse unterhalb der ehemaligen Konsuln (consulares). The Praetor Urbanus was not allowed to leave the city for more than ten days. The Classical-era authors do not describe the events leading to the origin of the title Praetor, but the writings of the late Republican statesman and attorney Cicero explored the philosophy and uses of the term praetor. In a sense the continuing Edicts came to form a corpus of precedents. Praetur | Die ersten Statthalter (Provinzialprätoren) wurden 227 v. Chr. Under Tiberius, there were sixteen. This chapter reviews Marouzeau’s famous opposition of praetor urbanus ‘the urban praetor’ (with postposed determining adjective) vs urbanus praetor ‘an urbane praetor’ (with anteposed qualifying adjective). The potestas and imperium (power and authority) of the consuls and the praetors under the Republic should not be exaggerated. Jahrhunderts unter Kaiser Justinian I. im Kriegsfall, zu vertreten und die Obergewalt des Staates zu über… Under Sulla, the number of praetors was increased to eight. Roman court cases fell into the two broad categories of civil or criminal trials. Prätoren gehörten, wie erwähnt, zu den Magistraten, die wie die Konsuln ein imperium besaßen, also ein Heer kommandieren durften. Includes free vocabulary trainer, verb tables and pronunciation function. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective: the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (prae… Der Provinzialprätor hatte in der Provinz die oberste militärische und jurisdiktionelle Gewalt, vertrat die römische Herrschermacht im vollen Umfang und war durch nichts eingeschränkt. [35] His court uniform consisted of a gold-brocaded hat (skiadion), a plain silk kabbadion tunic, and a plain, smooth wooden staff (dikanikion).[36]. Praetor, also spelled prætor or pretor in English, was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army (in the field or, less often, before the army had been mustered. The praetor law was raised out of the out-of-process judicial aids of the praetor urbanus and the code developed by the praetor peregrinus, the latter being elevated by lex Aebutia. Beginning in the late Republic, a former Praetor could serve as a Propraetor ("in place of the Praetor") and act as the governor of one of Rome's provinces. im edictum perpetuum endgültig festschreiben, die Prätoren hatten aber schon zuvor durch den Ausbau der kaiserlichen Gerichtsbarkeit beständig an Bedeutung verloren. By 395 AD, the praetors' responsibilities had been reduced to a purely municipal role. He was therefore given appropriate duties in Rome. If one of these two Praetors was absent from Rome, the other would perform the duties of both. Der praetor maximus blieb der höchste Beamte der frühen Republik, bis er wohl in der Mitte des 5. Approximately "remedy", the seeking of restitution of property taken illegally by a magistrate and conviction of the perpetrator. The best explanation available is that of Cicero in De legibus, in which he proposes ideal laws based on Roman constitutional theory:[6]. Die Geschichte der frühen Republik liegt weitgehend im Dunkeln, da die römische Geschichtsschreibung erst um 200 v. Chr. from the flat ground or from an equal or level place). Von besonderer Bedeutung war für die Rechtsprechung das umfangreiche Edikt des Stadtprätors (praetor urbanus), der die Jurisdiktionsgewalt für römische Bürger ausübte. The leadership functions of any corporate body at Rome might be termed[by whom?] Kaiser Hadrian ließ das prätorische Edikt um 128 n. Chr. The Cohortes Urbanae (Latin meaning urban cohorts) of ancient Rome were created by Augustus to counterbalance the enormous power of the Praetorian Guard in the city of Rome and serve as a police force. Die Praetur (lateinisch praetura; eingedeutscht auch Prätur) war eines der höheren Ämter der römischen Ämterlaufbahn, des cursus honorum (im Regelfall das dritte Amt nach der Quästur und der Ädilität). wurden Prätoren und Konsuln zudem nicht mehr vom Volk gewählt, sondern vom Senat bestimmt. Indessen entschied er unerhebliche Rechtssachen auch ohne alle Förmlichkeiten an jedem beliebigen Orte (ex aequo loco).[7]. Legatus | September 2020 um 16:08 Uhr bearbeitet. Die Amtsinhaber wurden praetores (eingedeutscht: Prätoren, Singular: praetor) genannt. Sulla erhöhte die Zahl der Prätoren, wahrscheinlich im Jahre 81 v. [14], The praetor urbanus presided in civil cases between citizens. Die späte römische Überlieferung (insbesondere Titus Livius), der die ältere Forschung lange Zeit folgte, berichtet: Nachdem der letzte König Tarquinius Superbus vertrieben worden sei, sei die königliche Gewalt, die dieser lebenslang innegehabt hatte, nunmehr jährlich von den patrizischen Geschlechtshäuptern reihum geführt worden (Annuitätsprinzip). Pope Urban II (Latin: Urbanus II; c. 1035 – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. Other similar names and variants include: Urbain, Urbaine, Ursins, Ursinus.Urbanus is not a popular first name for men and an equally uncommon surname or last name for both men and women. Livy mentions that the Latini were led and governed in warfare by two of them and the Samnites by one. Pretor sau Praetorius (v. two praetors were elected: the city praetor (praetor urbanus), who managed court trials among Roman citizens, and a praetor for foreigners (praetor peregrinus). The involvement of a Praetor in either was as follows. The one principle that limited what could be assigned to them was that their duties must not concern them with minima, "little things". A praetor was one of the greater Roman magistrates with imperium or legal power. During the early Empire the Praetor's Edict was … In der senatorischen Ämterlaufbahn folgte die Prätur im Regelfall dem Volkstribunat oder dem Amt eines Ädilen und wurde vor dem Konsulat bekleidet. Die Amtsinhaber wurden praetores (eingedeutscht: Prätoren)… … After performance of their duties, praetors were sent to the provinces as propraetors or proconsuls. This principle of Roman law became a principle of later European law: Non curat minima praetor, that is, the details do not need to be legislated, they can be left up to the courts. Praetor urbanus — Die Praetur (eingedeutscht auch Prätur) war eines der höheren Ämter der römischen Ämterlaufbahn, des cursus honorum (im Regelfall das dritte Amt nach der Quästur und der Ädilität). Livy mentions that, among other tasks, these executive officers were told to lead troops against perceived threats (domestic or foreign), investigate possible subversion, raise troops, conduct special sacrifices, distribute windfall money, appoint commissioners and even exterminate locusts. Diokletian hatte zudem das Nebeneinander der iura honorarium und gentium, neben dem fortgeltenden ius civile abschaffen lassen, sodass die einst bedeutsamen richterlichen Befugnisse der Prätoren wegfielen (Codex Gregorianus). The institution of consuls arose c. 510 bc with the expulsion of the The Praetors also presided at the quaestiones perpetuae (which were criminal proceedings), so-called because they were of certain types, with a Praetor being assigned to one type on a permanent basis. A dictator was called the praetor maximus. Praetor (/ˈpriːtər/ PREE-tər, Classical Latin: [ˈprae̯tɔr]), also spelled prætor or pretor in English, was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army (in the field or, less often, before the army had been mustered); and as an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned various duties (which varied at different periods in Rome's history). A municipal officer of Rome, so called because, (praeiret populo,) he went before or took precedence of the people. [7][8] Cicero considers the word to contain the same elemental parts as the verb praeire (praeeo: "to go before, to precede, to lead the way"). Since he was in charge of the city, he was only allowed to leave the city for a period of up to 10 days. peregrini untereinander) am Beginn ihrer Amtszeit öffentlich bekannt zu geben. The consuls were at first called praetors. In 246 BC, the Senate created a second Praetura. Partisan politics greatly influenced the outcome of elections. [citation needed] Consul. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. lösten sie gerichtsfunktional die Konsuln als Gerichtsherren ab. Die genauen Einzelheiten sind, wie vieles in der Geschichte der frühen römischen Republik, aufgrund der unsicheren Quellenlage in der Forschung umstritten. Für die Belange der Nichtbürger war der Fremdenprätor (praetor peregrinus) zuständig, für … [8][9] Seit 372 war gesetzlich vorgeschrieben, dass die Prätoren zehn Jahre im Voraus festzulegen seien, damit ihren Familien genug Zeit blieb, das notwendige Geld für die Feierlichkeiten zu beschaffen. Mit dem Inkraftsetzen der leges Liciniae Sextiae im Jahre 367 v. Chr. Dies war auch der Grund, wieso die Prätoren genau wie die Konsuln von den Zenturiatskomitien gewählt wurden, die das römische Volk in Waffen repräsentierten. The praetor urbanus presided in civil cases between citizens. By the end of the First Punic War, a fourth magistrate entitled to hold imperium appears, the praetor qui inter peregrinos ius dicit ("the praetor who administers justice among foreigners"). The use of the adjectives (praetorius, praetoricius, praetorianus) in a large number of circumstances testify to a general sense. These Edicts were statements of praetor's policy as to judicial decisions to be made during his term of office. The prefix prae is a good indication that the title-holder was prior, in some way, in society. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Smith, William, ed. Urbanus is a boy name and means from the city.It is a Latin name and its pronunciation is \u-rba-nus, ur-banus\. Im Zivilstand bezeichnet der Prätor einen Bürgermeister (beispielsweise in Capua[1]), den Sufet in Karthago[2] oder den obersten Richter in Rom.[3]. Julius Caesar raised the number to ten, then fourteen, and finally to sixteen.[17]. Princeps senatus | von den Konsuln als höchsten Beamten verdrängt wurde. The office of consul was the most prestigious of all of the offices on the cursus honorum, and represented the summit of a successful career. The urban praetor more often remained in the city to administer the judicial system. The functions of the magistracy, the praetura (praetorship), are described by the adjective:[1] the praetoria potestas (praetorian power), the praetorium imperium (praetorian authority), and the praetorium ius (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the praetores (praetors). I wrote this, to ask you all to take some time to read this comitii and consider voting for it in the matter of me gaining the status of Praetor Urbanus within Rome. war ein Mindestalter von 40 Jahren vorgeschrieben. Somit waren die Prätoren die höchsten Richter des Staates und die Prätur daher ein begehrtes Amt. erwähnt. Let there be two with the authority of the king, and let them be called praetors, judges and consuls from their going before, judging and consulting. Ab dem Jahr 367 v. Chr. In der Spätantike wurde die Prätur aufgrund der Verpflichtung, auf eigene Kosten teure Spiele auszurichten, zunehmend als Last empfunden; die Prätoren wurden jetzt zwangsweise von Senat und Kaiser bestimmt, und es gab sie nun nicht mehr nur in Rom, sondern auch in Konstantinopel. Praetorium, as a substantive, denoted the location from which the praetor exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his castra, the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship.[2]. (The Comitia Centuriata elected consuls and praetors.) Magister equitum | London: John Murray. The original office was renamed praetor urbanus, and the new office was called praetor peregrinus. The prefix prae is a good indication that the title-holder was prior, in some way, in society. A praetor was a magistrate with imperium within his own sphere, subject only to the veto of the consuls (who outranked him).[13]. The Senate required that some senior officer remain in Rome at all times. The chief Praetor in Rome, the Urban Praetor ( " praetor urbanus" ), outranked all other Praetors, and for a brief time, they were given power over the treasury. These two officials, elected on an annual basis, inherited the power formerly held by the kings of Rome. 6 The wording of two passages of Cicero, who was praetor de repetundis also in 66 B.C., indicates strongly that it was as praetor that Aquilius Gallus was responsible for the edict: de off. Durch die vermehrte Verleihung von Suffektkonsulaten erhielten dafür weitaus mehr gewesene Prätoren als bisher die Möglichkeit, auch das Konsulat zu bekleiden. The Development of the Praetor's Edict* - Volume 60 Issue 1. Magister militum | Dux | Although in the later Empire the office was titled praetor inter cives et peregrinos ("among citizens and foreigners", that is, having jurisdiction in disputes between citizens and noncitizens), by the time of the 3rd century BC, Rome's territorial annexations and foreign populations were unlikely to require a new office dedicated solely to this task. pp. Example: the misappropriation of public money. a primit ca ajutor un (Praetor peregrinus). [29] Their sole duty was to manage the spending of money on the exhibition of games or on public works. Der Praetor hatte vornehmlich richterliche Aufgaben. from a raised platform or from a higher place) but he could also perform ministerial acts out of court, in which case he was said to be acting e plano or ex aequo loco (lit. Die Magistrate führten dann den Titel pro praetore; die Abgrenzung zum Titel pro consule ist allerdings nicht immer eindeutig. In an actio, which was civil, the Praetor could either issue an interdictum (interdict) forbidding some circumstance or appoint a iudex (judge). The Emperor therefore assumed the powers once held by the kings, but he used the apparatus of the republic to exercise them. An annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic, ranking below but having approximately the same functions as a consul. für die ersten beiden römischen Provinzen Sizilien und Sardinien, die in beziehungsweise nach dem ersten punischen Krieg erobert wurden, geschaffen. Livy mentions that the Latini were led and governed in warfare by two of them[3] and the Samnites by one. [4] A dictator was called the praetor maximus. Phil. Tresviri | Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Ihr Geschäftsbereich beschränkte sich nunmehr nur auf geringere Gegenstände wie die cura ludorum (Sorge um die Spiele) und die Besorgung von alltäglichen Rechtsgeschäften. in der römischen Frühzeit Titel der Feldherren, seit 367 v. Chr. deor. [5][6] Die Ehrenzeichen des Prätors glichen denen der Konsuln: In der Stadt begleiteten ihn zwei, außerhalb der Stadt sechs Liktoren. Zuletzt wird das Amt in der Mitte des 6. The praetor had substantial discretion regarding his Edict, but could not legislate. Accordingly circa AD 129, action was taken that severely restricted its further modification. (1875). [37] The preturi are appointed by the canton's parliament.[38]. The dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla transferred administration of the provinces to former consuls and praetors, simultaneously increasing the number of praetors elected each year to eight, as part of his constitutional reforms. The iudicium of the iudex was binding. Tribunus militum | The Classical-era authors do not describe the events leading to the Praetor title origination, but the writings of the late Republican statesman and attorney Cicero explored the philosophy and uses of the term praetor. Ab 367 v. Chr. The Senate required that some senior officer remain in Rome at all times. Livy explains[9] that in the year 366 BC the praetura was set up to relieve the consuls of their judicial duties. The praefectus urbanus, also called praefectus urbior urban prefectin English, was prefectof the city of Rome, and later also of Constantinople. The use of the adjectives (praetorius, praetoricius, praetorianu… [33], According to Helene Ahrweiler, Emperor Nikephoros II (r. 963–969) reinstituted a praetor in Constantinople, as a high-ranking judge. praetor urbanus in a sentence - Use "praetor urbanus" in a sentence 1. xi. Decemviri | Besonders in Ausnahmesituationen wurde Prätoren ein militärisches Kommando in einer Provinz übertragen, für das bei längerer Dauer die Amtsgewalt über das normale Jahr hinaus verlängert werden konnte. praetorial. This duty now fell to the praetor urbanus. The need for administrators remained just as acute. The praetoria potestas in Republican Rome was at first held by the consuls. Ein Prätor war dazu berechtigt die Konsuln, z.B. : Praetor "cel ce merge înainte") a fost un titlu în Roma antică încă din anul 366 î.e.n. Sie wurden vom Volk in den comitia centuriata auf ein Jahr gewählt. Roman life in the days of Cicero However, as I said, a stem zil forms the basis of many verbal derivatives zili, zilχ, zilχnce, zilace, etc., so I suspect that zilaθ wasn't intended as a noun specifically meaning " praetor " as usually claimed. Censur, Außerordentliche Ämter: Praetor (Classical Latin: [ˈprajtoːr]) was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army (in the field or, less often, before the army had been mustered); or, an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned various duties (which varied at different periods in Rome's history). Im Zivilstand bezeichnet der Prätor einen Bürgermeister (beispielsweise in Capua ), den Sufet in Karthago oder den obersten Richter in Rom. Prator — This interesting and unusual surname with variant spellings Prator, Pretor and Preator, is an English Cognate of the German name Praetorius , which is the Latinized form of various surnames meaning leader or headman , from the Latin praetor , the … Surnames reference. "Concerning stabbers and poisoners"; i.e., against professional assassins and their collaborators. The office originated under the Roman kings, continued during the Republic and Empire, and held high importance in late Antiquity. In that year eligibility for the praetura was opened to the plebeians, and one of them, Quintus Publilius Philo, won the office.[11]. [Middle English pretor, from Old French, from Latin praetor, perhaps from praeīre, to go before : prae-, pre- + īre, to go; see ei- in Indo-European roots.] Imperator | For example, the emperor presided over the highest courts of appeal. "False witness"; i.e., against perjurers. CONTACT LINKS. There were two reasons for this: to relieve the weight of judicial business and to give the Republic a magistrate with imperium who could field an army in an emergency when both consuls were fighting a far-off war. Volkstribunat | [16], The expansion of Roman authority over other lands required the addition of praetors. Die ursprüngliche Zugehörigkeit des Amtes zum höchsten Kollegium zeigte sich allerdings noch darin, dass der Prätor bis zum Ende der Republik das imperium besaß, also Heerführer sein konnte. Die Prätoren waren die Stellvertreter der Konsuln und insbesondere für die Interpretation der Gesetze und die Rechtspflege im Allgemeinen verantwortlich. They were by definition doers of maxima. Diktator, Weitere Ämter und Ehrentitel: Das Substantiv praetor (frühe Form praitor, von praeitor) leitet sich vom lateinischen Verb prae-ire („vorangehen“) ab und bezeichnet im eigentlichen Sinne jemanden, der vorangeht, also einen Anführer oder einen Vorgesetzten. Sie spielten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entwicklung des römischen Rechts, da sie im prätorischen Edikt die jeweils geltenden Verfahrensvorschriften festlegten. Judging matters between citizens was the job of one specific magistrate, the praetor urbanus (city praetor). Officially, a designation that made a consul into a leader of the armies of the state. Vicarius | Er trug die toga praetexta, hatte als besondere Gerichtsstätte ein Gerüst (tribunal), wo er auf der sella curulis saß, und daneben auf Sesseln (subsellia) die Richter. Until 337 BC the praetor was chosen only from among the patricians. PRAETOR, Roman civil law. 1, 2), who tells the same story. Two were created in 227 BC, for the administration of Sicily and Sardinia, and two more when the two Hispanic provinces were formed in 197 BC. It is described by Virgil, Æneid, v. 553, &c. See Tacitus, Annal. Example: plotting the murder of a magistrate. kam der praetor peregrinus („Fremdenprätor“; peregrinus: „Fremder“ oder „Nichtbürger“) hinzu, der in Rechtsstreitigkeiten zwischen römischen Bürgern und Nichtbürgern tätig war. I heard of, that Rome is looking for experienced, active and motivational people with a lot of ideas, and that is exactly why I am here, talking to every single one of you today. However, a consul or praetor could be taken away from his current duties at any time to head a task force, and there were many, especially military. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 28. Zum Kollegium der Prätoren gehörten auch die Statthalter der Provinzen, obwohl sie von den Gerichtsprätoren durch den gänzlich anderen Aufgabenbereich und durch die räumliche Trennung vollkommen verschieden waren. [4] Einen Kollegen und damit das Prinzip der Kollegialität, dürfte es zunächst nicht gegeben haben. Der Titel des Praetor Maximus läßt auf die Existenz zweier Magistraturen von geringerem Rang, aber gleichem Titel ("praetor"), schließen. This duty now fell to the praetor urbanus. In Italy, until 1998, Praetor was a magistrate with particular duty (especially in civil branch). Vigintisexviri | The Praetor's Edict [Edictum praetoris] in Roman Law was an annual declaration of principles made by the new Praetor urbanus. When the Praetor administered justice in a tribunal, he sat on a sella curulis, which was that part of the court reserved for the Praetor and his assessors and friends, as opposed to the subsellia, the part occupied by the iudices (judges) and others who were present. Prätor urbanus — Die Praetur (eingedeutscht auch Prätur) war eines der höheren Ämter der römischen Ämterlaufbahn, des cursus honorum (im Regelfall das dritte Amt nach der Quästur und der Ädilität). They did not use independent judgment in resolving matters of state. The Praetors appointed judges who acted as jurors in voting for guilt or innocence. Livy describes the assignments given to either consuls or praetors in some detail. T. Corey Brennan, in his two-volume study of the praetorship, argues that during the military crisis of the 240s the second praetorship was created to make another holder of imperium available for command and provincial administration inter peregrinos. Augustus | 1.8, 19). war es die Aufgabe der Prätoren, den Konsulndie Aufgaben des Gerichts abzunehmen. im Zuge der römischen Expansion errichtet wurden und deren Verwaltung militärische Unternehmungen einschloss, Beamten unterstellt waren, die ebenfalls den Titel praetor trugen und von den comitia centuriata gewählt wurden. Gradually however, the civil functionaries assumed greater power, and by the late 10th century, the praitores (or kritai, "judges") were placed at the head of the civil administration of a thema. Die beiden letztgenannten Praetoren besaßen hingegen das Recht, mittels eines edictum ihre Grundsätze der Rechtsprechung (der praetor urbanus für Streitfälle zwischen römischen Bürgern, der praetor peregrinus für solche zwischen Bürgern und peregrini bzw. This sham fight was according to an old tradition established by Æneas. Like many other Roman institutions, the praetor (Greek: πραίτωρ, praitōr) survived in the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. These quaestiones looked into crimina publica, "crimes against the public", such as were worthy of the attention of a Praetor. Seit 180 v. Chr. If it does not so appear, let the plaintiff absolve him. This etymology of praetor became and remains the standard. Look up the German to Latin translation of praetor urbanus in the PONS online dictionary. "Canvassing", an attempt to influence voters illegally. From then on, praetors appear frequently in Roman history, first as generals and judges, then as provincial governors. al conducătorilor de armată, superiorul lui fiind numai consulul.Cea mai înaltă funcție de stat a unui pretor era (Praetor urbanus) care din anul 242 î.e.n. Livy mentions that the Latini were led and governed in warfare by two of them[3] and the Samnites by one. The legal provisions arising from the Praetor's Edict were known as ius honorarium; in theory the Praetor did not have power to alter the law, but in practice the Edict altered the rights and duties of individuals and was effectively a legislative document. The urban praetor more often remained in the city to administer the judicial system. Militiae summum ius habento, ... In 242 B.C. In the “Star Trek” franchise, Praetor is the usual title of the leader of the Romulan Empire.
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